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Anxiety
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Anxiety is the body's response to fear. It
plays a valuable role in self-preservation -
the fear of the consequences often prevents
us from taking unnecessary risks. Anxiety as
a disorder results from the fear response
becoming out of proportion to the actual
risk. Anxiety disorders involve excessive
levels of negative emotions, such as fear,
worry, nervousness, and tension, and the
anxious feelings occur involuntarily despite
your best attempts to avoid them or stave
them off.
The body responds to anxiety stimulus both
physically and mentally. Anxiety can lead to
over-stimulation of the sympathetic nervous
system. It manifests by the physical
symptoms such as a racing heartbeat,
sweating and trembling, and psychological
symptoms such as restlessness, insomnia and
difficulty in concentrating.
Anxiety is often seen as a triggering of the
fight-or-flight reaction, causing excess
adrenaline to be produced by the adrenal
glands, which in turn produce other hormones
(catecholamine) that affect various parts of
the body, such as heartbeat and respiration.
Generalized anxiety disorder
(GAD) is not taken seriously as a medical
condition by many people-including
doctors-yet it is a debilitating mental
illness that often leads to tragic outcomes
for the individuals who suffer from it.
Generalized anxiety disorder is often found
to be associated with (co morbidity) major
depression. 14% of patients whose GAD is
accompanied by major depression have
attempted suicide at least once, according
to Martin Keller, MD, chief of psychiatry,
Brown University, Providence, R.I. What is
interesting is that even in those who were
not diagnosed with depression, 11% have
attempted suicide.
There are two types of anxiety disorders
based on the origin of the cause.
Exogenous anxiety
is provoked by an identifiable danger or
stressor existing outside of the person. For
example, if your spouse is ill with a high
fever, your exogenous anxiety is a natural
response to the situation.
Endogenous anxiety
is produced within the person. It can be
caused by internal conflicts, such as having
to make a tough decision. In this case, the
cause of the anxiety is not always
identifiable.
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Types of Anxiety Disorders |
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Anxiety disorders, like other mental
illnesses, reflect dysfunctions within the
brain. We are beginning to understand the
specific circuits in the brain that underlie
post-traumatic stress disorder,
obsessive-compulsive disorder and perhaps
panic disorder. We are on the path to
discovering genes that make people
vulnerable to anxiety disorders.
"Anxiety disorders are the most common
mental illnesses in America, yet many people
who have them are suffering in silence and
secrecy, inappropriately ashamed or unaware
of the availability of excellent
treatments," according to Steven E. Hyman,
M.D., Director of National Institute of
Mental Health (NIMH). "Most people with
anxiety disorders, depression or other
mental illnesses face great difficulty
receiving appropriate treatment due to
widespread lack of understanding and
stigma."
Anxiety disorders consist of a group of
illnesses: obsessive-compulsive disorder,
generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, panic
disorders and post-traumatic stress
disorder.
Panic Disorder
- Characterized by panic attacks, sudden
feelings of terror that strike repeatedly
and without warning. Physical symptoms
include chest pain, heart palpitations,
shortness of breath, dizziness, abdominal
discomfort, feelings of unreality, and fear
of dying. Panic disorder afflicts
approximately 1 to 2% of the U.S. population
with women being twice as likely to develop
it. It typically strikes in young adulthood
with roughly half of all sufferers
developing the condition before age 24.
Agoraphobia
is the fear of being in places or situations
from which escape may be difficult or
embarrassing or in which help may not be
available in the event of a panic attack.
Agoraphobia is intimately related to panic
disorder, and the two frequently occur
together.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
afflicts about 2% of the U.S. population in
a given year. People with OCD suffer
intensely from recurrent, unwanted thoughts
(obsessions) or rituals (compulsions) that
seem impossible to control.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Post-traumatic stress disorder affects
about 7.8% of the population. It is often
associated with war veterans. However it can
occur in anyone who has experienced a severe
and usual physical or mental trauma such as
war, rape, child abuse, natural disasters or
crashes. The severity of the disorder
increases if the trauma was unanticipated.
People who suffer from PTSD re-experience
the event that traumatized them through
nightmares, psychic numbing, excessive
alertness and highly sharpened startle
reaction, and in generalized anxiety,
depression, and inability to sleep,
nightmares, flashbacks, numbing of emotions,
feeling angry, irritable, and distracted.
Phobias
- Extreme, disabling and irrational fear of
something that really poses little or no
actual danger; the fear leads to avoidance
of objects or situations and can cause
people to limit their lives. Phobias afflict
approximately 13 to 15% of Americans who may
experience one or more phobias in a given
year.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Chronic, exaggerated worry about everyday
routine life events and activities, lasting
at least six months. Almost always
anticipating the worst even though there is
little reason to expect it; accompanied by
physical symptoms, such as fatigue,
trembling, muscle tension, headache, or
nausea. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
afflicts about 3 to 4 % of the U.S.
population in a given year.
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Call Your Doctor If |
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Everyone experiences worry and anxiety from
time to time. But if severe anxiety
continues for a long time or becomes
overwhelming and interferes with your social
or occupational functioning, you should seek
medical attention. Here are some reasons to
see a doctor:
· You feel uncontrollably anxious and cannot
function normally.
· You chronically experience severe symptoms
such as shortness of breath, chest pressure
or pain, and dizziness, along with extreme
worry and tension.
· Along with anxiety, you have lost weight
and your eyes seem to bulge. (You may have
thyroid problem or some other physical
ailment.)
· You have panic attacks-short, unexplained
periods of intense fear.
· You avoid people, places, or situations in
order to avoid feeling anxious.
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Common Sense Care |
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