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16 Sanakara
Literally
'making perfect, purification, cleansing',
derived from the Sanskrit word 'sanskr'
meaning 'to form well, to put together'.
Sanskara has come to refer to a ceremony,
which is performed as a purification rite
for an individual or family. According to
Hindu belief, ceremonies are performed at
two levels: shrauta and grihya. Shrauta
ceremonies are performed on a grand scale,
with more than one priest and a large number
of people in attendance. Grihya ceremonies
are small and private, performed at home
with or without a priest. Sanskaras are 'grihya'.
The 16 common Sanskara
are.................
Parental
The 16 common Sanskara are
1. Garbhadana or conception: All sources
recognize this as the first sanskara. It
consists of rites performed before
conception in the belief that it ensures a
healthy child
2. Punsavana or ensuring a male child.
3. Simantonayana or parting of the hair:
This ceremony is performed by the husband
for the wife to protect her from evil
spirits and Sanskara from ill health during
the pregnancy
.
4. Jatakarman or birth ceremony.
5. Namakarana or naming ceremony.
Childhood
Nishkarma or the child's first outing,
performed to protect the child from evil
spirits and other malevolent forces that are
considered to exist outside the home.
Annaprashana or the first feed of solid food
to the child.
Chudakarana or tonsure.
Karnavedha or piercing the ear. Although
this was done originally only to beautify
the child, it acquired the belief that it
would protect the child against disease.
Educational
Vidyarambha or the beginning of education.
Using a new pen, the guru teaches the child
the letters of the alphabet and writes a
salutation to the gods.
Upanayanam or thread ceremony.
Vedarambha or the beginning of Vedic study,
performed during the Brahmacharya stage of
life at the home of the guru.
. Keshanta or the first shave. This ceremony
is performed for a boy at the age of 16. It
marks the beginning of his adolescence.
Samvartana or Snana, the end of studenthood.
This ceremony marks the end of the
Brahmacharya stage of life. The boy returns
to live at home after living in his guru's
home. Snana or bathing constitutes an
important part of this ceremony, symbolising
the crossing of the ocean of learning.
Therefore the sanskara itself is often
referred to as Snana
Marriage
Vivaha or marriage.
Death Sanskars
Antyeshti or funeral rites. |
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